(quickie 14) SIMULADO TOTEM (VESTIBULAR)

Breast cancer clearly has a genetic component, but "routine environmental exposures and lifestyle may play a major role," according to a recent ground-breaking study by the Silent Spring Institute and Susan G. Komen for the Cure. The study, published in Cancer, a journal of the American Cancer Society, uncovers 216 common chemicals that cause breast tumors in animals and reviews medical literature, including some studies that reveal environmental factors to be influential "in the vast majority of cancers."

Tobacco Smoke
Like car and truck exhaust, tobacco smoke is a source of many PAHs. Among these are dibenz[a,h]anthracene, considered by EPA to be “probably carcinogenic to humans” as well as mutagenic — meaning that it can cause genes to mutate. It’s laced with many other cancer-causing substances as well, such as dibenzo[def,p]chrysene.

(1) _________________________________
Just as components of car exhaust have been linked to breast cancer and a long list of other illnesses, air pollution from refineries and coal plants also compounds the load. Researchers studying air pollution in Erie and Niagara counties in New York State found a higher risk of breast cancer among post-menopausal women whose birth addresses were near locations recording higher levels of PAHs. The researchers, who used historic air pollution data dating back to the 1960s to measure these trends, thus suggest that exposure in early life to high levels of PAHs may increase one's risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.

(2) _________________________________
Most everyone agrees that limiting alcohol consumption can reduce the risk of breast cancer, but the connections get stronger with each new study. Natural cancer-causing substances—primarily urethanes—are found in alcohol, including wine and ale beers. In a recent analysis of six studies that examined 322,647 women, each additional 10 g of alcohol consumed equated to an added 9 percent risk of breast cancer.

(3) _________________________________
In 2005, the National Toxicology Program classified x-rays and gamma radiation as causing cancer in humans, but ionizing radiation has long been regarded as the most established environmental risk factor for breast cancer.
We're exposed to x-radiation from medical x-rays, mammograms and other radiopharmaceutical treatments. Though these technologies offer great benefits, unnecessary exposure should be avoided.

(4) _________________________________
Researchers broadly agree that women’s exposures to natural estrogens over time increases the risk of breast cancer. However, it is only recently that synthetic estrogen and progesterone have been linked to a higher risk for breast cancer.

(5) _________________________________
Disinfecting products used to clean water help kill bacteria and keep disease in check. However, Silent Spring researchers caution that some disinfection byproducts of chlorinating water cause mammary tumors in rodents. There’s strong evidence for their causing cancer in humans as well. Likewise, many drinking water systems across the U.S. have been found to be contaminated by pesticides and dry cleaning chemicals.

(6)_________________________________
Stain-resistant and flame-retardant chemicals have found their way into our lives—in our carpeting, furniture, clothing, cookware, cosmetics, lubricants, paints, and adhesives. Widely detected in blood samples in the US, PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) has been found to cause breast cancer in animals and is under further investigation.
By Francesca Lyman for MSN Health & Fitness


http://health.msn.com/womenshealth/slideshow.aspx?cp-documentid=100170347&GT1=10514

01. No texto acima, alguns subtítulos foram retirados. Relacione o número do parágrafo com o subtítulo adequado e marque a alternativa que melhor representa esta relação de acordo com o texto.
Parágrafo Subtítulo
1 ..................................... ( a ) Household Chemicals
2 ..................................... ( b ) Ionizing Radiation
3 ..................................... ( c ) DrinkingWater Contaminants
4 ..................................... ( d ) Industrial Combustion Sources
5 ..................................... ( e ) DrinkingAlcohol
6 ..................................... ( f ) Hormone Supplements

a) 1 c - 2 e - 3 f - 4 c - 5 b - 6 a
b) 1 d - 2 b - 3 a - 4 f - 5 c - 6 d
c) 1 d - 2 e - 3 b - 4 f - 5 c - 6 a
d) 1 d - 2 e - 3 f - 4 b - 5 c - 6 a
e) 1 e - 2 d - 3 b - 4 f - 5 a - 6 c

02. Apartir da leitura do texto, escolha o título adequado:
a) Breast cancer and prevention.
b) Breast cancer and teenagers workers.
c) Breast cancer suspects.
d) Breast cancer researchers.
e) Breast cancer treatments

03 Apalavra "role", (destacada no texto) poderia ser traduzida como:
a) doença
b) papel
c) cura
d) rolo
e) regra

veja a correção das questões 2 e 3!

4. Os vocábulos "disinfecting" (destacado no texto) e "cleaning", (destacado no texto) , receberam sufixação pela mesma razão que:

a) including (destacado no texto) e causing (destacado no texto)

b) limiting (destacado no texto) e meaning (destacado no texto)

c) according (destacado no texto) e including (destacado no texto)

d) causing (destacado no texto) e drinking (destacado no texto)

e) meaning (destacado no texto) e drinking (destacado no texto)

05. Segundo o texto, é correto afirmar que:
a) Os pesquisadores raramente concordam que exposições a estrogênio natural aumentem o
risco de câncer de mama.
b) Substâncias químicas causadoras de câncer demama estão ao nosso redor todos os dias.
c) PFOA é um órgão do governo americano que pesquisa substâncias causadoras de câncer
de mama.
d) Os pesquisadores informam que a data histórica de maior poluição do ar foi 1960.
e) Umas das formas de evitar o câncer é desinfetar os produtos para matar as bactérias.

06. Marque a alternativa que possui a melhor relação entre vocábulo e sentido, de acordo com o
texto.
-------- Vocábulo ------------------------------------Sentido
a) avoided (destacado no texto)---------------- to stay away from someone or something

b) regarded (destacado no texto)---------------To have special rules.

c) though (destacado no texto)---------------- To think about something.

d) increase (destacado no texto)--------------- To reduce the amount of something.

e) exhaust (destacado no texto)----------------To be tired of an activity

That's all, folks!!!

Teacher Pyta

(quickie 13) SIMULADO TOTEM (PEIES 2)

1. To help you see what a body really _______(1) like on the inside, _______ (2)
2. Exhibition uses real human bodies that _______ (3) been preserved so _______ (4) do
3. not decay. A human specimen is first preserved according to standard mortuary science.
4. The specimen is then dissected to show whatever it is that someone wants to display.
5. Once dissected, the specimen is immersed in acetone, which eliminates all body water.
6. The specimen is then placed in a large bath of silicone, or polymer, and sealed in a vacuum
7. chamber. Under vacuum, acetone leaves the body in the form of gas and the polymer
8. replaces it, entering each cell and body tissue.
9. A catalyst is then applied to the specimen, hardening it and completing the process. This
10. method of preservation creates a specimen that will not decay. This offers thousands of
11. unique teaching possibilities for educators at all levels, including medical professionals,
12. archeologists and other scientists.

http://www.bodiestheexhibition.com/intro.html

01. Algumas palavras foram retiradas do texto. Qual das alternativas abaixo representa a opção correta para repor estas palavras

a) is ----these---- has---- them

b) look--this------have---they
c) looks- this------have---they
d) looks- this----- has---- their
e) look-- this----- has---- they

2. o texto:
a) comenta as características do corpo humano.
b) informa como cadáveres de uma exposição foram preservados.
c) anuncia uma exibição sobre o corpo humana que acontecera brevemente.
d) demostra os perigos da prática esportiva sem a devida preparação.
e) mostra uma descoberta revolucionária feitas por arqueólogos.

03. A palavra "tissue", (destacada no texto), poderia ser traduzida, dentro do contexto, como:
a) músculo
b) tecido
c) osso
d) célula
e) lenço

04. Apartir da leitura do texto, podemos concluir que
a) a acetona elimina a água do corpo.
b) todo o silicone é retirado durante o processo.
c) a acetona prejudica o desempenho dos atletas.
d) a câmara de vácuo ajuda os atletas a recuperarem-se de lesões rapidamente.
e) o banho de silicone, juntamente comumpolímero, é parte do tratamento dado aos atletas.

05. O pronome "it", (destacado no texto), refere-se a:
a) vacuum
b) cell
c) polymer
d) body
e) acetone

that's all, folks!!!

teacher Pyta

(quickie 12) SIMULADO TOTEM (PEIES 1)

This map is part of a series of cartograms in which the actual geography is distorted in order to demonstrate information about the countries shown. In this case, the point made is that of population, with each country’s size ‘weighted’ to reflect the size of its population. The discrepancies between your average standard world map and this one are obvious – obviousness being a good indicator of how good a map is. For example: on a normal world map, Australia (7,7 million sq. km) would dwarf Indonesia (1,9 million sq. km). Yet the opposite happens here. Oz might be big, but it’s a Big Empty, holding no more than 20,5 million people (2006 est.) Meanwhile, the emerald archipelago to Australia’s Near North is teeming with 223 million people (2005 est.), enough to fill eleven Australias. That imbalance is reflected well in this map. Australia almost drowns in the ocean, just like that other sparsely populated ‘western’ outpost in the far east, New Zealand.



A similar reversal of roles exists between Russia (17 million sq. km, 142 million inhabitants) and China (9,6 million sq. km, 1,3 billion inhabitants). The population map reduces Russia to a thin sliver of land, insignificant compared to the giant that is China, which dwarfs just about any country far or close by, except India. Together, these two Asian countries account for fully one third of the world’s population. Incidentally, the number of Indians is slated to surpass China’s population later this century.



The map similarly illustrates Canada’s relationship with its ‘bigger’ neighbour to the south. Elsewhere, regional dominances become more apparent also. Ethiopia, currently actively supporting one side in the Somali civil war (if one can call it that) dominates eastern Africa, Nigeria is by far the larger country of western Africa – in fact, the largest of all of Africa, larger than Sudan, which is huge and empty. The preliminary results of last year’s Nigerian census seem to indicate a population of about 140 million people, indeed surpassing by far Africa’s second most populous nation, Egypt.


This map also allows for quick ‘guesstimates’ of which countries have an equally large population. The matches can be instructive and surprising. France and Egypt seem about the same size, as are Germany and Ethiopia. Ireland is more or less the same size as Haiti.
Several visitors to this blog pointed me to this series of ‘distorted’ maps, which are the result of a collaboration between the universities of Sheffield (UK) and Michigan (US) and can be seen at http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/worldnews.html?in_article_id=439315&in_page_id=1811

Fonte: http://strangemaps.wordpress.com/page/3/

01. A palavra “actual” (destacada no texto), poderia ser traduzida neste texto como:

a) atual
b) normal
c) real
d) organizada
e) autoral



02. A partir da leitura do texto, é possível afirmar que:
a) o mapa mencionado representa como os países ficarão após o aquecimento global
b) o mapa mencionado representa os países de acordo com sua riqueza.
c) o mapa mencionado representa como o mundo era há 7,7 milhões de anos.
d) o mapa mencionado representa o tamanho populacional de cada país.
e) o mapa mencionado representa a dívida externa de cada país.






03. O título ideal para o texto acima é:

a) The Truth About Maps During Global Warming.
b) A Cartogram Of The World’s Population.
c) The World Debts According To The IMF.
d) Aids In Africa and South America.
e) The Difference in Size Between Rich and Poor countries


04. Segundo o texto:

a) Australia e Russia diminuiriam de tamanho em relação à Indonésia e China respectivamente.
b) o Egito é o pais mais populoso da Àfrica.
c) a África concentra o maior número de casos de AIDS.
d) o aquecimento global forçará mudanças nos mapas como hoje conhecemos.
e) os paises da América do Sul tem mais chances do que os da África em pagar suas dividas externas.







05. Qual dos mapas abaixo melhor representa o texto lido? (clique na imagem para ver melhor)

a)





b)






c)





d)





e)














5- O texto acima foi tirado de um blog. Marque a alternativa que representa um comentário feito para este artigo:

a) There’s a classic movie called Comanche Territory about the attempt by white settlers and silver miners to move into the Comancheria in defiance of federal treaty, only to be thwarted by a young Jim Bowie (Macdonald Carey). I’m not quite sure how much of the story is fictional. Made in 1950, it is one of the first Hollywood movies to show the Indians in a largely favorable light.
Comment by Peter — May 14, 2007

b) Very revealing - I’ve never seen a map change its meaning so effectively with simple change of orientation. Now, what about that part of Austria that’s shaded red - am I missing something?
Comment by saturn5 — April 15, 2007

c) Hi, The map is very interesting.
Everything anyone does to make the Universe more understandable, and in an easy relevant way, is needed in this overly-rushed, non-technically oriented society.
However, it is a foundational piece of information, needed to understand our Neighborhood, so that gives it merit, but I would like to see the same done for the Near-Earth Objects and asteroids which could impact Earth.
Best to all — Em
Comment by em — April 11, 2007

d) Religious literalists, I think, tend to believe that the earth was created more than two thousand years ago. Christian fundamentalists, for instance, hold that the Earth did in fact exist when Christ walked on it.
Comment by Sartorius — April 3, 2007

e) I’m a recent visitor to your blog and will make this a daily stop as I cruise around the web.
Today’s map is an excellent lesson on the world’s population. It’s one thing to hear population numbers read, but to see it visually is powerful. For example, the true difference between Russia, China and India.
I’ve written a blog entry on my site (http://sften.blogspot.com) telling my readers to come visit your site. I think they’ll really enjoy it.
Neil McDonnell, PMP
Comment by Neil McDonnell — March 31, 2007








that's all, folks!!


teacher Pyta